The Dynamics of Islamic Judiciary during the Abbasid Dynasty and Its Relevance to Contemporary Middle Eastern Legal Systems
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61166/ushulalhukm.v2i1.38Keywords:
Abbasid Dynasty, Islamic Judiciary, Qadhi, Islamic Politics, Contemporary Middle East.Abstract
This study examines the development of the Islamic judicial system during the Abbasid Dynasty and its relevance to contemporary legal and political conditions in the Middle East. The Abbasid Dynasty, established in 750 CE, became one of the most significant periods in Islamic civilization because it succeeded in developing a more structured system of government, administration, and judiciary compared to previous eras. This research employs a qualitative method with historical and normative juridical approaches through library research using relevant primary and secondary sources. The findings reveal that the development of the Abbasid judicial system was strongly influenced by political, cultural, and governmental dynamics occurring throughout the five periods of Abbasid rule. Arab, Persian, and Turkish influences contributed to the formation of an increasingly complex legal administration system, marked by the emergence of the Qadhi al-Qudhat institution, the development of Islamic schools of law, and the professionalization of judicial institutions. However, political and military intervention during the decline of the Abbasid Dynasty weakened judicial independence and legal stability. The study also finds that the Abbasid historical experience remains relevant to modern Middle Eastern countries, particularly regarding the relationship between religion, politics, and judicial independence in maintaining justice and state stability.
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