The Development of the Islamic Judicial System during the Umayyad Period and Its Influence on Islamic Law
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61166/ushulalhukm.v2i1.36Keywords:
Dynamics Of Islamic Judiciary, Islamic Law, Religious Courts, Substantive Justice, National Law.Abstract
This study discusses the basic concept of the dynamics of Islamic judiciary as a legal system that is adaptive to the development of the times without abandoning the principles of Islamic law (Sharia). Islamic judiciary functions as an instrument for upholding justice, resolving disputes, and maintaining social order based on the Qur’an, Hadith, ijma’ (consensus), and qiyas (analogical reasoning). This study aims to analyze the dynamics of Islamic judiciary, the legal foundations of the judiciary, the requirements and pillars of the judiciary, as well as the various types of Islamic courts in Indonesia. The method used is a library research approach with a descriptive-analytical method through the study of Islamic legal literature and relevant laws and regulations. The results of the study indicate that the dynamics of Islamic judiciary are reflected in the ability of the judicial system to adapt to social changes, modernization, and technological developments, such as the implementation of e-court systems and the expansion of the authority of religious courts in the field of Islamic economics. In addition, the qualifications of judges and the pillars of the judiciary are important elements in ensuring the realization of substantive justice. The existence of various judicial institutions in Indonesia, including the Sharia Court in Aceh, demonstrates the integration between Islamic law and national law in creating a judicial system that is responsive, fair, and oriented toward public welfare.
References
Aditia M. Yusup, Eksistensi dan Dinamika Peradilan Agama di Indonesia: Peran, Tantangan, dan Perkembangannya dalam Sistem Hukum Nasional, DIRASAH: Jurnal Kajian Islam, Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024)
Ahiel Ahdi Besari, & Yuyun Ningsih. (2025). Growth, Development and Progress of Islamic Civilization During the Period of Khulafaur Rasyidin. Al-Wadhih: Journal of Islamic History and Civilization, 1(2), 71–79. https://doi.org/10.61166/alwadhih.v1i2.18
Hamidu Ardo, & Adamu, A. I. (2026). An Appraisal of the Practice and Procedure of Sulh (Settlement Out of Court) An Islamic Law Perspective. Al-Mahkamah: Islamic Law Journal, 4(1), 33–54. https://doi.org/10.61166/mahkamah.v4i1.65
Ibnu Qodir, Dinamika Positivisasi Hukum Islam Dalam Sistem Peradilan Indonesia, Journal of Multicultural Education and Social Studies, Vol. 1 No. 1 (2024)
Ihat Istirahat, Rekonstruksi Peran Hakim dalam Mewujudkan Keadilan Substantif di Pengadilan Indonesia, Jurnal Kalimasada Group, Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023)
Ahmad Farhan Subhi, Dinamika Hukum Islam : (Studi Pemikiran Ahl Al-Hadis dan Ahl Al-Ra’yi), Jurnal Indragiri Penelitian Multidisiplin, Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023)
Darania Anisa, Digitalisasi Peradilan Agama dalam Penyelesaian Sengketan Ekonomi Syariah: Tantangan dan Peluang Pasca Implementasi e-Court dan e-Litigation, Yurisprudentia: Jurnal Hukum, Vol 11, No 2 (2025)
Rohmadi, Optimizing Prenuptial Agreements for Asset Protection: A Maqashid Sharia Based Approach, Al-Istinbath : Jurnal Hukum Islam, Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024)
Riska Rosidah. (2025). The Concept of Islamic Justice During the Umayyad Dynasty. Al-Mahkamah: Islamic Law Journal, 2(2), 69–74. https://doi.org/10.61166/mahkamah.v2i2.17
Budi Sastra Panjaitan, Membumikan Hukum Positif Indonesia Bercorak Hukum Islam, Doktrina:Juornal of Law, Vol. 4 No. 2 (2021)
Yuliati, Pemahaman Konsep Keadilan dalam Al-Qur’an; Analisis Ayat-Ayat Hukum,Jurnal Intelegensia, Vol. 12 No. 2 (2024)
Aulia Salman, Integrasi Prinsip Keadilan Hukum Islam dalam Mengatasi Fenomena No Viral No Justice di Indonesia, Siyasah Wa Qanuniyah, Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024)
Ina Nasihatul Ummah, Qiyas sebagai Metode Ijtihad dan Implementasinya dalam Transaksi Keuangan Ekonomi Islam Kontemporer, ): Al-Muzdahir : Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah, Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025)
Yonathan Parlinggoman Wicaksono, Eksistensi Hukum Islam Dalam Sistem Hukum Nasional Indonesia: Peluang Dan Tantangan, Indonesian Journal of Islamic Jurisprudence, Economic and Legal Theory, Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025)
Sri Hariati, Kompilasi Hukum Islam Sebagai Dasar Hukum Putusan Di Pengadilan Agama, Unizar Law Review, Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024)
Widia Amelia, Profesionalisme Hakim Wanita di Pengadilan Agam Sungguminasa Kelas I B, Jurnal Al-Qadau: Peradilan Dan Hukum Keluarga Islam, Vol. 9 No. 2 (2022)
Muhammad Adiem, Dimensi Maqasid Syariah dalam Putusan Hakim Atas Perkara Cerai Gugat di Pengadilan Agama Jayapura, Al-Qisthu: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu-Ilmu Hukum, Vol. 20 No. 2 (2022)
Syaiful, Konsep usia baligh dan perkembangan religiusitas perspektif Ibnu Qayyim Al-Jauziyyah. Tawazun: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, Vol. 17 No. 2 (2024)
Tara Octaviani Prastiwi, Analisis Pelanggaran Kode Etik Hakim dan Sanksi Disiplin Berdasarkan Putusan Majelis Kehormatan Hakim Tahun 2023. Jurnal Hukum Sasana, Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026)
Arif Rahman, Hakim Peradilan Agama: Refleksi Sistem Pengangkatan dan Pelaksana Kekuasaan Kehakiman di Indonesia, DIKTUM: Jurnal Syariah dan Hukum, Vol. 20 No. 1 (2022)
Christian Immanuel Situmorang, Reformasi Kekuasaan Kehakiman di Indonesia: Meningkat, Independensi, dan Kualitas, Journal Customary Law, Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024)
Imam Sucipto, Prinsip-Prinsip Penyelenggaraan Peradilan Menurut Fiqh Qadha dan Undang-Undang di Indonesia. ISLAMICA, Vol 6 No 1 (2022)
amirah nur hidayati jannah, SADD AL-DZARĪ’AH OVERVIEW OF MARRIAGE DISPENSATION CASE IN THE RELIGIOUS COURT OF KEDIRI: Study of Judge Verdict No. 7/Pdt.P/2024/PA.Kab.Kdr. SHAKHSIYAH BURHANIYAH: Jurnal Penelitian Hukum Islam, Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024)
Phireri, Analisis Hukum Terhadap Obyek Sengketa Dalam Perkara Perdata Dijadikan Barang Bukti Dalam Perkara Pidana. Jurnal Litigasi Amsir (2025)
Hasan, PEMBALIKAN BEBAN PEMBUKTIAN TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA AL-QADZF PERSPEKTIF HUKUM PIDANA ISLAM. Al-Risalah Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Dan Hukum (2020)
Hanif Fudin Azhar, MUATAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA DAN MORAL HUKUM PUTUSAN HAKIM DALAM PERSPEKTIF MAQASID AL-SYARIAH, Vol 14 No 2, SUMMUM IUS SUMMA INIURIA, (2021)
Enrico Simanjuntak, KEWENANGAN HAK UJI MATERIL PADA MAHKAMAH AGUNG RI, Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan, Vol. 2 No. 3 (2013)
Mahmudi, M. KEWENANGAN PENGADILAN NEGERI MEMUTUS SENGKETA ANTARA PARTAI POLITIK DAN KOMISI PEMILIHAN UMUM. HUNILA : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Integrasi Peradilan (2023)
Widyakso, R., & Wiryani, ANALISIS PELAKSANAAN PUTUSAN PERADILAN AGAMA TERHADAP NAFKAH PERCERAIAN DALAM PRESPEKTIF HUKUM NASIONAL DAN HUKUM ISLAM BAGI PNS. Audito Comparative Law Journal, (2021)
Indah, S., & Frinaldi, A. (2023). Pengujian Diskresi Pejabat Pemerintah oleh PTUN. AHKAM (2023)
Muhammad Rayhan Putera, & M. Junaidi, Kedudukan Mahkamah Syariah Aceh untuk Menggantikan Peran Peradilan Agama dalam menjalankan Kekuasaan Kehakiman. Mahkamah : Jurnal Riset Ilmu Hukum, (2026)
