The Development of the Islamic Judicial System during the Umayyad Period and Its Influence on Islamic Law
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61166/ushulalhukm.v2i1.37Keywords:
Islamic Courts, Bani Umayyah, Qadhi, Al-Mazhalim, Islamic Law.Abstract
This article examines the development of the Islamic judicial system during the Umayyad era, which underwent significant changes compared to the previous period. The primary focus of this research is to analyze the development of judicial institutions, the appointment of qadis (jurists), the practice of legal ijtihad (judicial ijtihad), and the relationship between political power and judicial institutions during the Umayyad era. This study employed qualitative methods through library research. The results indicate that the expansion of Islamic rule fostered the formation of a more structured judicial system through the establishment of the institutions of al-Qadhaa' (jurist), al-Hisbah (judgment), and al-Mazhalim (judgment). Furthermore, the official appointment of qadis and the development of the administration and recording of judicial decisions marked the beginning of the Islamic legal bureaucracy. During this period, qadis played a crucial role in resolving cases based on the Quran, Hadith, and legal ijtihad (judicial ijtihad). However, the judicial system during the Umayyad era also faced challenges in the form of political intervention and the influence of the caliphate on judicial independence. In conclusion, the Umayyad era provided a crucial foundation for the development of the Islamic judicial system, successfully establishing more organized legal institutions and laying the foundation for the development of Islamic justice during the Abbasid era.
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